• Login
    • Join
  • Subscribe Free
    • Magazine
    • eNewsletter
    Checkout
    • Magazine
    • News
    • Exclusives
    • Applications
    • Technology
    • Market
    • Other
    • Top 40
    • Buyers Guide
    • Hygiene Directory
    • More
  • Magazine
  • News
  • Exclusives
  • Applications
  • Technology
  • Market
  • Other
  • Top 40
  • Buyers Guide
  • Hygiene Directory
  • Current / Back Issues
    Features
    Editorial
    Columns
    Digital Edition
    Southeast Asia Edition
    eNewsletter Archive
    Editorial Guidelines
    Subscribe Now
    Advertise Now
    Top Features
    Personal Care Wipes Respond to Change

    Spotlight on Spunlace

    Face Mask Market Report

    Biosphere Corporation: Expands into Baby Diaper Production in Ukraine

    Trends in Diapers: Sustainability, Natural Ingredients or Other Features?
    Company Cameo
    Financial News
    Machinery Equipment
    New Products
    Nonwovens News
    Patent Review
    People in the News
    Supplier News
    Top News
    Live From Shows
    Top News
    Believe Diapers Launch in U.S.

    Ontex Develops Smart Adult Diaper

    GDM Virtual Days to Showcase B6-W Red Machine

    Armbrust Expands Product Line Up

    Freudenberg Masks Gain FDA Approval
    Nonwovens Insights
    Online Exclusives
    Absorbent Core
    Adult Incontinence
    Antimicrobials
    Apparel
    Automotive and Transportation
    Chemicals / Adhesives
    Construction
    Contract Services
    Diaper, Baby
    Electronics
    Feminine Hygiene
    Fibers
    Filtration
    Flame Retardance
    Geotextile / Agrotextile
    Home Products
    Hygiene Film/Components
    Industrial / Institutional
    Inspection / Quality Control
    Machinery and Equipment
    Medical
    Wipes

    Believe Diapers Launch in U.S.

    Ontex Develops Smart Adult Diaper

    GDM Virtual Days to Showcase B6-W Red Machine

    Armbrust Expands Product Line Up

    Freudenberg Masks Gain FDA Approval
    Air Through Bonding
    Airlaid
    Carded/Carding
    Chemical Bonded
    Composite
    Meltblown
    Needlepunch
    Nanotechnology
    Spunbond
    Spunlace
    Thermal Bonded
    Wetlaid

    Armbrust Expands Product Line Up

    Spotlight on Spunlace

    Wolf Starts Up Meltblown Line

    Armbrust American Adds Meltblown Manufacturing

    Radici Adds Meltblown Line
    China
    Eastern Europe/Russia
    India
    Middle East/North Africa
    North America
    Pacific Rim
    South/Central America
    Turkey
    Western Europe

    Non-Regulatory Face Mask Standard Approved

    Lotus Teknik to Add Wetlace Line

    Shemesh Adds U.S. Headquarters

    Domtar Sells Personal Care Unit

    Jacob Holm to Expand Spunlace Capacity in Candler
    Associations
    Contracts / Awards
    Education
    Facilities / Capacity
    Green / Sustainability
    Legal / Regulatory
    Market Data
    Mergers and Acquisitions
    Product Improvement / Innovation
    R&D/Basic Research
    Shows / Events

    Non-Regulatory Face Mask Standard Approved

    Techtextil to be Held in June 2022

    Armbrust American Adds Meltblown Manufacturing

    Techtextil, Texprocess Postponed to 2022

    Shemesh Adds U.S. Headquarters
    Chart
    Companies
    All Companies
    Categories
    Company Profiles
    Add New Company
    International Buyers Guide Companies
    Mechanical Specialties, Inc.

    Alliance Machine and Engraving

    Schott & Meissner Maschinen- und Anlagenbau GmbH

    Top Polymer Enterprise, LLC

    Dukane
    Brands
    Brand Owners
    • Magazine
      • Current / Back Issues
      • Features
      • Editorial
      • Columns
      • Digital Edition
      • Southeast Asia Edition
      • eNewsletter Archive
      • Editorial Guidelines
      • Subscribe Now
      • Advertise Now
    • Breaking News
    • Buyers Guide
      • All Companies
      • Categories
      • Company Profiles
      • Add Your Company
    • Applications
      • Absorbent Core
      • Adult Incontinence
      • Antimicrobials
      • Apparel
      • Automotive and Transportation
      • Chemicals / Adhesives
      • Construction
      • Contract Services
      • Diaper, Baby
      • Electronics
      • Feminine Hygiene
      • Fibers
      • Filtration
      • Flame Retardance
      • Geotextile / Agrotextile
      • Home Products
      • Hygiene Film/Components
      • Industrial / Institutional
      • Inspection / Quality Control
      • Machinery and Equipment
      • Medical
      • Wipes
    • Technology
      • Air Through Bonding
      • Airlaid
      • Carded/Carding
      • Chemical Bonded
      • Composite
      • Meltblown
      • Needlepunch
      • Nanotechnology
      • Spunbond
      • Spunlace
      • Thermal Bonded
      • Wetlaid
    • Market
      • China
      • Eastern Europe/Russia
      • India
      • Middle East/North Africa
      • North America
      • Pacific Rim
      • South/Central America
      • Turkey
      • Western Europe
    • Other
      • Associations
      • Contracts / Awards
      • Education
      • Facilities / Capacity
      • Green / Sustainability
      • Legal / Regulatory
      • Market Data
      • Mergers and Acquisitions
      • Product Improvement / Innovation
      • R&D/Basic Research
      • Shows / Events
    • Top 40 Companies
      • Chart
      • Companies
    • Online Exclusives
    • Hygiene Directory
      • Brands
      • Brand Owners
    • Slideshows
    • Experts Opinions
    • Videos
    • Podcasts
    • Infographics
    • Whitepapers
    • Jobs
    • Events
      • Industry Events
      • Live From Show Events
      • Webinars
      • Live From Asian Connections
    • Resources
      • Suppliers Gallery
      • Literature Showcase
      • Web Showcase
      • Home Page Showcase
    • About Us
      • About Us
      • Contact Us
      • Advertise With Us
      • Privacy Policy
      • Terms of Use
    Features

    An Assessment of the Global Feminine Care Market

    Buying trends of women in U.S., China, Mexico and Europe assesses buying preferences of san pro productsand new technologies.

    An Assessment of the Global Feminine Care Market
    An Assessment of the Global Feminine Care Market
    An Assessment of the Global Feminine Care Market
    Related CONTENT
    • Price Hanna Release Absorbent Products Study
    • Unicharm Receives COC Certification
    • First Quality Launches Incognito by Prevail
    • Executive Reports: Callaly Continues to Revolutionize Feminine Hygiene
    • The Private Label Market
    11.07.16
    In 2015 Cotton Incorporated requisitioned a study of the global feminine care market including pads, tampons and panytliners. Target markets were the U.S., China, Mexico and four countries in Europe (Italy, Germany, France and the U.K.). The study, in combination with Euromonitor data, sought to answer the who, what, where and why questions underlying this important disposable hygiene market.  The methodology consisted of quantitative studies of 500-1000 feminine hygiene product users.  Qualitative studies followed using focus groups with 24-26 users in the China and U.S. markets.

    Market demographic data was collected relative to the female population using sanitary protection products, their product usage, brand loyalty, purchase drivers, key sources of consumer product information and retail channel shopping habits.  Additionally, the study examined attitudes toward product composition including both manmade fibers and natural, cotton fibers.  These factors were also characterized by age group segments including Gen Z, Millenials, Gen X and Boomers. 

    Market Dynamics
    As of last year, China was home to the world’s largest feminine hygiene population of women ages 12-50 at 388,623,200 accounting for about 19% or one in five women in this category worldwide.  This population, however, is expected to decline by 15% by 2030 due to China’s aging population and relatively low birth rate and is projected to be surpassed by India.  The U.S. and Mexico will see modest growth in their populations in this group at 7% and 9% respectively while Europe will see a decline of 9%.

    Today, the majority of women targeted by the feminine hygiene brands are the Millennial generation- ages 15-25 years.  Millennials are as large a group as the Gen X and Boomers combined.  In the future, Millenials and Gen Z population segments will account for almost the total feminine hygiene population.

    Another important dynamic in benchmarking consumer preferences and purchase tendency is the underlying economic picture.  China’s economy, as measured by GDP, is expected to double during this period from $ 11.3T to 20.8T but the US is expected to retain the highest GDP at $24.6T.  Europe follows as the third largest economy with a GDP growth rate of 28% from $16.2 to $20.8T1. 

    Market penetration by feminine hygiene products is such, however, that the US has a commanding lead in market size with sales of pads, tampons and pantiliners ranging from 2x-6x the dollar value of other countries. The largest five-year growth rate is expected in Mexico at 16.8% supported by double digit growth across all three product types. Notably, panty liners appear to be generally on the decline across all countries except France.

    Product Usage and Purchase Drivers
    Feminine hygiene product usage by global consumers varies significantly by country, ethnicity, age and age segment, menstrual cycle phase and in change frequency.  Regular pad share is highest in Italy at 75% and lowest in Germany where tampons are the product of choice at 63%. Conversely tampon use is very small in Mexico where nine in 10 women use either overnight pads (48%) or regular pads (46%).  Regular pads and tampons are the products most often used in the U.S. (41%), the U.K. (44%) and France (47% and 37% respectively).  Women frequently combine products during menstruation.  A third of tampon users frequently add a pad for additional protection.  Nearly half of tampon users in Italy (51%) and the U.S. (47%) indicate they add a pad when wearing a tampon.

    Product selection differences are also associated with age group and ethnicity.  Gen X women (44% vs. 38% for Millennial women) and Hispanics (47%) are more likely to primarily use regular pads.  On the other hand, tampons are more likely to be used by Milliennial women (45% vs. 34 for Gen X women), Caucasians (45% vs. 32%) and women whose menstruation lasts five days or less (45% vs. 34% for women with menstruation lasting six or more days).  U.S. African Americans (28% vs. 12%) are significantly more likely than other groups to wear overnight pads during menstruation.

    Product usage differs by menstruation phase in all markets except Germany where tampons dominate. Night pads are the primary product form worn across markets (except Germany) during heavy nights, and in developing markets like China and Mexico pads and night pads dominate the market (tampon usage is extremely low).   Women’s menstrual cycle on average lasts about five days and the number of products worn per cycle ranges from four to five per day;  U.S. women average 25 products/month,  Europe 23 and Mexico 21.4.

    Another key finding is that all brands, particularly new brands face a tough challenge in driving market share growth.  The challenge is not only high brand loyalty level but also is one of market domination by a small number of brands.  About eight in 10 women generally stay with their chosen brand and the top three brands typically dominate their market.  The top three brands in all countries account for eight of every 10 tampons sold, six out of 10 pads and seven out of 10 panty liners.  While the majority of women in the U.S. and the U.K. are willing to switch brands for a better price, less than half are willing to do so in Germany, France, Italy and Mexico.

    Purchase drivers can be grouped into three major categories; performance, comfort and price.  Key product performance factors include leakage prevention, absorbency and skin dryness.  Overall comfort includes softness, fit, and hypoallergenic qualities. 

    The relative priority of purchase drivers was examined according to primary product worn, country and age group, particularly with Gen X women.  For most women, performance and comfort were more important than brand.  This was particularly true for Mexican women who were more likely to say almost all performance and comfort factors were important.  A stance of looking at more factors to discern value is common in developing markets where trust is an issue in the face of a constant stream of new products and brands.  German women place a higher importance on discretion, which may account for their preference for tampons.  U.S. pad users are more price sensitive than their European counterparts.  Gen X women often had different top priorities than the average per product type and in all countries. 

    Studies conducted in the markets of Europe and Mexico additionally surveyed the needs and habits of girls ages 10-17.  Several habits and attitudes stood out in Europe.  This younger group was more interested in sustainability and voiced a higher level of unmet needs and social media use.  They also were more interested in subscription services for product purchases to avoid embarrassment.  Using social media as a tool to educate, generate interest, and build a brand relationship with young women is essential for any established brand or new entrant. 

    Product Information Sources
    The feminine hygiene product information sources consulted by women were found to be scattered across TV ads, product packaging, store displays, family members and friends and coworkers.  Mexican (52%) and U.S. (37%) women favor TV ads, while European women primarily (38%) rely upon product packaging for their product instruction.  Social media, according to this study, is largely underutilized as a customer engagement tool as only 1 in 5 women say they follow feminine hygiene products on social media sites.  Of those using social media, two out of 10 obtain information through feminine hygiene brand sites and 1 in 10 tap social media sites.  U.S. women primarily use social media sites to track promotions and coupons.

    Retail shopping channel preferences were obtained by using a combined  average of pads, liners and tampons per country.  The majority of women in China (87%), Italy (81%), France (76%) and the U.S. (57%) and the UK (51%) shop for their products at mass merchants.  In contrast, 3 in 4 German women purchase their products at drug stores and seven in 10 Mexican women buy their products at grocery stores.  Telegroup feedback indicated shopping choices were based on convenience, best prices or price-related best coupons, points and rewards.
    Cotton Opportunities

    This study also probed the perceptions of feminine hygiene product composition in terms of made-made versus natural fibers, namely cotton fibers.  Nearly half of women in Europe (47%), about six in 10 in the U.S. (60%), and China (64%), and eight in 10 in Mexico say they believe that their feminine hygiene products are already made from cotton.  In Europe, eight in 10 Italian women would prefer cotton products, followed by women in France (58%), the UK (49%), and Germany (45%).

    When educated about the presence of manmade fibers in most feminine hygiene products used today, the majority of women expressed a level of concern.  Women in the US (55%), Europe (66%) and Mexico (77%) said that they were bothered by the use of these fibers.  This perception among those bothered translated into high levels of very or somewhat likely to avoid brands scores of 6 in 10 in the U.S. and Europe and eight in 10 in Mexico.

    Once informed of the absence of cotton in these products, the majority of women in Mexico (94%), Europe (80%), China (76%), and the U.S. (66%) said they would be very interested in purchasing such products.  In Europe, interest is strongest in Italy (91%), followed by the UK (77%), France (75%), and Germany (74%).  Millennial-specific perceptions of cotton tracked closely with this data.

    The strong interest in cotton products by a majority of women in the U.S., Europe, China and Mexico was based on their belief that cotton would perform better in terms of softness, comfort, breathability, being hypoallergenic and sustainable.  Even with strong brand loyalty and price sensitivity in the global feminine hygiene market, the majority of women in Mexico (56%), China (52%) and a good portion in the U.S. (42%) and Europe (38%) are likely to purchase cotton products that are a different brand and slightly higher price.  European girls ages 10-17 were even more likely to break their brand loyalty for the natural benefits of cotton.

    Summary
    Over the next 15 years economic growth is expected to accelerate in developing markets like China and Mexico and to remain moderate in the U.S. and Europe.  Feminine hygiene sales are projected to see modest growth in the U.S. and more rapid growth in Mexico.  The top three major brands of products account for more than 70% of sales worldwide and enjoy a high level of brand loyalty.  This foothold makes it difficult to grow share both with established and new brands. 

    Purchase drivers and product usage habits vary significantly by country and age group.  Global feminine hygiene companies appear to have opportunities for building share growth and consumer loyalty by addressing these differences.   The younger 10-17 group in Europe, for example, stood out for their higher interest level in sustainability, greater level of unmet needs and frequent social media use. An opportunity also seems to exist in improving and extending digital customer outreach, with young Gen Z and Millennial age women.  Not unexpectedly, however, price and performance remain important and can drive brand changes.  This research indicates global interest in “natural” cotton fiber content in feminine hygiene products is high and is sharply contrasted to consumer perceptions of “man-made fibers."
    Related Searches
    • Feminine Hygiene
    • North America
    • China
    • South/Central America
    Related Knowledge Center
    • Eastern Europe/Russia
    • South/Central America
    • Feminine Hygiene
    Suggested For You
    Price Hanna Release Absorbent Products Study Price Hanna Release Absorbent Products Study
    Unicharm Receives COC Certification Unicharm Receives COC Certification
    First Quality Launches Incognito by Prevail First Quality Launches Incognito by Prevail
    Executive Reports: Callaly Continues to Revolutionize Feminine Hygiene Executive Reports: Callaly Continues to Revolutionize Feminine Hygiene
    The Private Label Market The Private Label Market
    Asaleo Care Buys Tom Organic Fem Hy Business Asaleo Care Buys Tom Organic Fem Hy Business
    Tampliner Receives FDA Approval Tampliner Receives FDA Approval
    2020: The Lost Year? Not for Nonwovens 2020: The Lost Year? Not for Nonwovens
    Hygiene Suppliers Go Natural Hygiene Suppliers Go Natural
    Novatis Group  Novatis Group
    50 Years of Nonwovens 50 Years of Nonwovens
    Glatfelter Reports Q3 Results Glatfelter Reports Q3 Results
    Innovation by Bostik tracks adhesive’s role in stay-in-place performance Innovation by Bostik tracks adhesive’s role in stay-in-place performance
    Avgol Expands Indian Capacity Avgol Expands Indian Capacity
    H.B. Fuller Next Gen Positioning Adhesive Up for Hygienix Innovation Award H.B. Fuller Next Gen Positioning Adhesive Up for Hygienix Innovation Award

    Related Features

    • Feminine Hygiene
      Feminine Hygiene: Room for More

      Feminine Hygiene: Room for More

      The rate of introduction of new menstrual care brands and products continues to redefine the category
      Tara Olivo, Associate Editor 11.12.20

    • China
      Chinese Nonwovens Outlook

      Chinese Nonwovens Outlook

      As hygiene products continue to evolve in sophistication and design, nonwovens manufacturers continue to invest in new technologies
      Karen McIntyre, Editor 10.08.20

    • Adult Incontinence | Diaper, Baby | Feminine Hygiene | Green/Sustainability
      Natural Hygiene: A Niche No More

      Natural Hygiene: A Niche No More

      Hygiene aisles are changing as more consumers show interest in natural and organic alternatives
      Tara Olivo, Associate Editor 06.10.20


    • Feminine Hygiene
      Feminine Hygiene Manufacturers Shift Focus

      Feminine Hygiene Manufacturers Shift Focus

      Growing concerns over the environment and women’s health have led to new product formats
      Karen McIntyre, Editor 11.08.19

    • Feminine Hygiene

      Hygiene Consumers Demand Greater Transparency

      BAHP is monitoring trends impacting U.S. baby and fem care markets
      Jane Wishneff, Executive Director, BAHP 06.05.19

    • Adult Incontinence | Diaper, Baby | Feminine Hygiene

      Unicharm Acquires Thai Diaper Maker

      Deal to buy DSGCL Group adds lower-priced brands in Southeast Asia.
      Karen Bitz-McIntyre, Editor 03.04.19


    • North America | Shows/Events
      IDEA 2019 Preview

      IDEA 2019 Preview

      Exhibitors are already getting ready for Miami Beach.
      02.08.19

    • Diaper, Baby | Eastern Europe/Russia | Feminine Hygiene
      Eastern Europe & Russia: Opportunities for Growth

      Eastern Europe & Russia: Opportunities for Growth

      Companies in the hygiene market are investing in the region.
      Tara Olivo, Associate Editor 12.07.18

    • China

      Nonwovens in China: Growth Continues

      While diapers continues to be a hot market, investment continues across the nonwovens spectrum.
      Karen McIntyre, Editor 11.02.18


    • Adult Incontinence | Diaper, Baby | Feminine Hygiene
      Unicharm CEO Discusses Changes in the Asian Hygiene Market

      Unicharm CEO Discusses Changes in the Asian Hygiene Market

      With 14 years as CEO under his belt, Takahisha Takahara has helped his company expand in Asia and throughout the world.
      Karen McIntyre, Editor 06.01.18

    • China | Medical | Wipes
      Winner Wins in Hygiene

      Winner Wins in Hygiene

      100% cotton spunlace nonwovens find success in China and Japan.
      03.02.18

    • China
      2017: Year in Review

      2017: Year in Review

      Top news in the Chinese Disposable Hygiene Market
      Karen Bitz-McIntyre, Editor 03.02.18


    • Feminine Hygiene | India
      Unicharm Helps Young Girls Adapt to Change

      Unicharm Helps Young Girls Adapt to Change

      Japanese company holds menarche workshops in Myanmar and India to promote sanitary pad use.
      Karen McIntyre, Editor 03.02.18

    • Adult Incontinence | North America
      Decades of Design

      Decades of Design

      Alyne brings never before seen technology to adult incontinence market
      Karen McIntyre, Editor 11.10.17

    • Feminine Hygiene
      The Feminine Hygiene Market

      The Feminine Hygiene Market

      Brands are using new product launches and innovative marketing tactics to lure in customers.
      Tara Olivo, Associate Editor 11.10.17

    Trending
    • Believe Diapers Launch In U.S.
    • Fiber Bond VE3 Technology Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 In HVAC Filtration Systems
    • H&V Announces Price Increase
    • Lemu Group Engineers Mask-Making Machine
    • Citizens Provides $325 Million Senior Credit Facility To Nice-Pak
    Breaking News
    • Texas Medical Technology Partners with My Protect Kit
    • Mexico City Single-Use Plastics Ban Leads to Tampon Shortage
    • Believe Diapers Launch in U.S.
    • Forbes Ranks Rockline Among Best U.S. Employers
    • H&V Announces Price Increase
    View Breaking News >
    CURRENT ISSUE

    February 2021

    • Personal Care Wipes Respond to Change
    • Spotlight on Spunlace
    • Face Mask Market Report
    • View More >



    Cookies help us to provide you with an excellent service. By using our website, you declare yourself in agreement with our use of cookies.
    You can obtain detailed information about the use of cookies on our website by clicking on "More information”.

    • About Us
    • Privacy Policy
    • Terms And Conditions
    • Contact Us

    follow us

    Subscribe
    Nutraceuticals World

    Latest Breaking News From Nutraceuticals World

    Preliminary Study Links Markers of Impaired Bone Health to Vegan Diet
    Refined Grains Linked to Heart Attack Risk, Early Death
    Kappa Bioscience Extends Research Partnership For COVID-19 Research
    Coatings World

    Latest Breaking News From Coatings World

    Nippon Paint Marine Wins Korea Export Award
    Universal Display Corporation, PPG Expand Global Production of UniversalPHOLED Materials
    PPG Introduces Premium Iso-free Primer Surfacer, Catalyst
    Medical Product Outsourcing

    Latest Breaking News From Medical Product Outsourcing

    January AI Raises $8.8 Million in New Funding
    FDA Clears Ava Fertility Tracking Wearable Device
    First Patient in Europe Treated With Diamondback 360 Coronary Orbital Atherectomy System
    Contract Pharma

    Latest Breaking News From Contract Pharma

    Spark Therapeutics Appoints CTO
    Cryoport Launches ESG Program
    U.S. Govt. Purchases 100k Doses of Lilly's COVID-19 Antibody Cocktail
    Beauty Packaging

    Latest Breaking News From Beauty Packaging

    The Top Beauty Products of 2021, According to HelloGiggles
    Estée Lauder Taps Ana de Armas as Global Brand Ambassador
    Sephora Announces Significant Expansion
    Happi

    Latest Breaking News From Happi

    ACI Urges Senate to Approve Regan as EPA Administrator
    Estée Lauder Signs Actress Ana de Armas
    GUM Recalls Oral Spray
    Ink World

    Latest Breaking News From Ink World

    Etiflex Enters New Markets with Nilpeter FA-22 Installation
    Hydrocarbon Solvents Market to Surpass $8.1 Billion by 2030
    Marshall & Bruce Adds Koenig & Bauer Rapida 106 41-Inch Seven-Color Press
    Label & Narrow Web

    Latest Breaking News From Label & Narrow Web

    FTA converts Forum & INFOFLEX to virtual events
    Xeikon launches two new digital label printing presses
    UFlex adds capacity in packaging films
    Nonwovens Industry

    Latest Breaking News From Nonwovens Industry

    Texas Medical Technology Partners with My Protect Kit
    Mexico City Single-Use Plastics Ban Leads to Tampon Shortage
    Believe Diapers Launch in U.S.
    Orthopedic Design & Technology

    Latest Breaking News From Orthopedic Design & Technology

    Fusion Robotics Receives FDA Clearance for Spinal Navigation and Robotics System
    Kaia Health Unveils Next-Gen Complete MSK Care Solutions
    First Implantation of CTL Amedica's Minimally Invasive Flex Tower
    Printed Electronics Now

    Latest Breaking News From Printed Electronics Now

    Comercial Kywi Improves Customer Service, Front-Store Operations with Zebra Mobile Solution
    Global Printed Circuit Board Market Projected to Reach $69.32 Billion by 2027
    Global Smart Glass Market to Register 6.8% CAGR Between 2021-28: Grand View Research

    Copyright © 2021 Rodman Media. All rights reserved. Use of this constitutes acceptance of our privacy policy The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Rodman Media.

    AD BLOCKER DETECTED

    Our website is made possible by displaying online advertisements to our visitors.
    Please consider supporting us by disabling your ad blocker.


    FREE SUBSCRIPTION Already a subscriber? Login